在 CentOS 上安装和配置 OpenStack Nova
2011年08月17日 | 标签: centos, cloud, nova, openstack | 作者：vpsee
因为 Python 的版本问题，在 CentOS 5.6 上安装 OpenStack 不是件容易的事情，因为 OpenStack 是 Python 2.6 写的，CentOS 5.6 上默认的是 Python 2.4 的环境，一些关键工具（比如 yum 等）和依赖关系都需要 2.4，不容易直接升级到 2.6，所以要在 CentOS 上安装 OpenStack 的话简单的办法是直接用 CentOS 6.0（默认是 Python 2.6）. OpenStack 的基本介绍以及如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 OpenStack Nova 可以看：在 Ubuntu 上安装和配置 OpenStack Nova. 对云计算平台感兴趣的朋友可以看看另一个开源的云计算系统：在 CentOS 上安装和配置 OpenNebula.
安装和配置基本系统
在安装完基本的 CentOS 6.0 系统后（最小化安装）升级和更新整个系统，然后关闭 SELINUX 后重启，为了简单方便最好也关闭 iptables：
# yum update # yum upgrade # vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled # chkconfig iptables off # service iptables stop # shutdown -r now
安装 OpenStack Nova
下载和安装 OpenStack 源：
# wget http://yum.griddynamics.net/yum/diablo-3/openstack/openstack-repo-2011.3-0.3.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh openstack-repo-2011.3-0.3.noarch.rpm
OpenStack Nova 需要在控制结点（Cloud Controller）和计算结点（Cloud Compute）上都安装和启用 libvirtd：
# yum install libvirt # chkconfig libvirtd on # service libvirtd start
如果服务器用来做 Cloud Controller 结点需要安装（OpenStack Nova 云里至少要有一台服务器作为控制结点）：
# yum install euca2ools openstack-nova-node-full unzip
如果服务器只是做 Cloud Compute 结点则需要在每个计算结点上都安装（理论上 OpenStack Nova 云里可以有无数个计算结点）：
# yum install openstack-nova-node-compute
配置 MySQL 数据库
OpenStack Nova 需要数据库的支持，这里用的是 MySQL：
# service mysqld start # chkconfig mysqld on # service rabbitmq-server start # chkconfig rabbitmq-server on
修改 MySQL 绑定地址，以便其他的节点服务器也能访问这个数据库：
# vi /etc/my.cnf ... #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 ... # service mysql restart
创建一个名为 nova 的数据库，并设置 root 从任何 IP 访问的权限和密码：
# mysql -uroot -ppassword -e 'CREATE DATABASE nova;'
# mysql -uroot -ppassword -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO \
'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;"
# mysql -uroot -ppassword -e "SET PASSWORD FOR \
'root'@'%' = PASSWORD('password');"
配置 Nova：
$ sudo vi /etc/nova/nova.conf --verbose=false --ec2_url=http://172.16.39.111:8773/services/Cloud --s3_host=172.16.39.111 --cc_host=172.16.39.111 --rabbit_host=172.16.39.111 --sql_connection=mysql://nova:nova@172.16.39.111/nova --glance_api_servers=172.16.39.111:9292 --use_s3=true --libvirt_type=kvm --use_syslog=false --node_availability_zone=nova --logdir=/var/log/nova --logging_context_format_string=%(asctime)s %(name)s: %(levelname)s [%(request_id)s %(user)s %(project)s] %(message)s --logging_default_format_string=%(asctime)s %(name)s: %(message)s --logging_debug_format_suffix= --use_cow_images=true --auth_driver=nova.auth.dbdriver.DbDriver --network_manager=nova.network.manager.VlanManager --scheduler_driver=nova.scheduler.zone.ZoneScheduler --image_service=nova.image.glance.GlanceImageService --use_ipv6=false --ca_path=/var/lib/nova/CA --keys_path=/var/lib/nova/keys --images_path=/var/lib/nova/images --buckets_path=/var/lib/nova/buckets --instances_path=/var/lib/nova/instances --networks_path=/var/lib/nova/networks --dhcpbridge_flagfile=/etc/nova/nova.conf --dhcpbridge=/usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge --injected_network_template=/usr/share/nova/interfaces/ --libvirt_xml_template=/usr/share/nova/libvirt.xml.template --vpn_client_template=/usr/share/nova/client.ovpn.template --credentials_template=/usr/share/nova/novarc.template --state_path=/var/lib/nova --lock_path=/var/lib/nova/tmp --vnc_enabled=true --vncproxy_url=http://172.16.39.111:6080 --vncserver_host=0.0.0.0 --vnc_token_ttl=300
每次重启一堆服务很麻烦，写个脚本方便重启 nova 所有服务：
# vi nova-restart-all.sh #!/bin/bash for n in api compute network objectstore scheduler vncproxy; do service openstack-nova-$n restart; done service openstack-glance-api restart service openstack-glance-registry restart # chmod +x nova-restart-all.sh # ./nova-restart-all.sh
使用 Nova
接下来的步骤和在 Ubuntu 上安装和配置 OpenStack Nova 差不多，这里就不再赘述：
# nova-manage db sync # nova-manage network create 192.168.0.0/24 1 255 # nova-manage floating create 10.10.10.2 10.10.10.224/27 # nova-manage user admin vpsee # nova-manage project create mycloud vpsee
导出权限信息：
# mkdir /home/vpsee/creds # nova-manage project zipfile mycloud vpsee /home/vpsee/creds/novacreds.zip # cd /home/vpsee/creds # unzip novacreds.zip # chown -R vpsee:vpsee /home/vpsee/creds/ # source /home/vpsee/creds/novarc
再次重启 nova 相关的所有服务：
# ./nova-restart-all.sh
如果一切正常的话，应该可以看到下面的类似信息，这样 OpenStack Nova 就成功安装了：
# euca-describe-availability-zones verbose AVAILABILITYZONE nova available AVAILABILITYZONE |- node00 AVAILABILITYZONE | |- nova-network enabled :-) 2011-08-16 19:28:13 AVAILABILITYZONE | |- nova-compute enabled :-) 2011-08-16 19:28:22 AVAILABILITYZONE | |- nova-scheduler enabled :-) 2011-08-16 19:28:14
启动第一个实例
启动实例之前需要先上传一个系统模版（称之为镜像 image），自己制作 image 有点麻烦，可以参考：为 OpenStack Nova 制作 Ubuntu 镜像 和 为 OpenStack Nova 制作 Windows 镜像。
有了 image 后就可以启动实例了，就像在 C++/Java 等面向对象语言里面有了类（class）以后可以创建实例（instance）一样，这里有了 OS image 以后就可以创建 OS instance 了。启动和访问实例可以看这篇 的相关部分。
学习了
centos6.0 貌似有点问题 安装控制节点和计算节点时依赖有问题
莫非 必须最小安装才可以？
(nova.exception): TRACE: return self.driver.update_available_resource(context, self.host)
(nova.exception): TRACE: File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/connection.py”, line 1374, in update_available_resource
(nova.exception): TRACE: ‘hypervisor_version’: self.get_hypervisor_version(),
(nova.exception): TRACE: File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/connection.py”, line 1258, in get_hypervisor_version
(nova.exception): TRACE: return method()
(nova.exception): TRACE: File “/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/libvirt.py”, line 1853, in getVersion
(nova.exception): TRACE: if ret == -1: raise libvirtError (‘virConnectGetVersion() failed’, conn=self)
(nova.exception): TRACE: libvirtError: internal error Cannot find suitable emulator for x86_64
(nova.exception): TRACE:
2011-10-07 06:33:59,759 nova: internal error Cannot find suitable emulator for x86_64
报这种错误是什么原因呢？
这是在重启openstack-nova-compute时，在/var/log/nova/nova-compute.log中报的。我用的是在虚拟机中安装的centos6 x86_64的系统。请高手指教。
yum源服务器：yum.griddynamics.net的服务关闭了？
@vpsee
用nova-manage network create创建网络的时候nova-manage.log里输出如下：是什么原因呢？
–bridge_interface is required to create a network.
@longhudou
ifconfig 看看有没有 br100？然后看看用 nova manage network create 192.168.3.0/24 1 256 –bridge_interface=eth0 命令看看。注意，openstack 在飞速发展中，以前的命令和参数可能都有变化，注意这篇写文章的时间。
@vpsee
我想用xen，而不是kvm,你上面给出的是控制节点的安装过程，不知道用xen的话控制节点的配置文件里–libvirt_type=kvm是不是改为xen就行了？计算节点是不是就简单的把nova.conf复制过去就行了呢？官方文档提到you must install openstack-compute on domU是什么意思呢？
控制节点上执行euca-describe-availability-zones verbose显示如下
nova-manage service list
nova1 nova-compute enabled XXX None
nova1 nova-network enabled :-) 2011-11-10 10:22:27
nova1 nova-scheduler enabled :-) 2011-11-10 10:22:29
nova1 nova-vncproxy enabled :-) 2011-11-10 10:22:30
nova2 nova-compute enabled XXX None
nova3 nova-compute enabled XXX None
nova4 nova-compute enabled XXX None
不知道是什么原因？
@longhudou
你用的是默认的VlanManager吧，在nova.conf加上–vlan_interface=eth0
可以参考官网上的OpenStack Compute Administration Manual
@longhudou
必须在 domU 上安装 openstack-compute，建议先看看我们其他文章了解一下 Xen.
@longhudou
nova-compute 服务不成功，原因很多，可以看看 log
按照这个步骤再执行[root@nova1 ~]# euca-describe-availability-zones verbose
[Errno 111] Connection refused
[root@nova1 ~]# netstat -tnap | grep 3333
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3333 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5814/python
[root@nova1 ~]# netstat -tnap | grep 8773
[root@nova1 ~]# cd /root/cert
显示上面的错误，8773端口没被监听？不知道是什么问题，log中也没错误。
CentOS6.2 + KVM + libvirt-0.9.4-23.el6_2.4.x86_64
当执行
virsh -c qemu:///system
没有反应，必须用Ctrl+C来结束命令
———————其网络设置如下———————
vi ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:00:EE:6E
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
vi ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.160
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
ONBOOT=yes
openstack-nova-node-full 为何centos 找不到呢？是不是
openstack-nova-compute.noarch 2011.1.1-4 openstack-nova
openstack-nova-compute-config.noarch 2011.1.1-1 openstack-nova
@Percy
需要安装 openstack-repo-2011.3-0.3.noarch.rpm 源先。
你好，我的rabbitmq-server 启动的时候永远是FAILED，是什么问题啊
报错的信息差不多是TCP_Listener部分的问题。
@megacreep,这是因为你可能把另外的程序在占用5672这个端口,看看qpidd有没有运行
谢谢楼主的诸多回复，给了我很大的帮助~
怎么在 centos 7.0 中配置安装呢
ERROR : Error appeared during Puppet run: 192.168.10.60_prescript.pp
Error: Could not connect to NetworkManager.
You will find full trace in log /var/tmp/packstack/20140924-085821-vHgCCb/manifests/192.168.10.60_prescript.pp.log
Please check log file /var/tmp/packstack/20140924-085821-vHgCCb/openstack-setup.log for more information
Additional information:
* A new answerfile was created in: /root/packstack-answers-20140924-085821.txt
* Time synchronization installation was skipped. Please note that unsynchronized time on server instances might be problem for some OpenStack components.
* Did not create a cinder volume group, one already existed
* File /root/keystonerc_admin has been created on OpenStack client host 192.168.10.60. To use the command line tools you need to source the file.
* To access the OpenStack Dashboard browse to http://192.168.10.60/dashboard .
Please, find your login credentials stored in the keystonerc_admin in your home directory.
* To use Nagios, browse to http://192.168.10.60/nagios username: nagiosadmin, password: b22d923fda254807
亲！这个错误什么问题导致的呢？
[root@linux-node2 ~]# nova-compute –config-file=/etc/nova/nova.conf
2015-01-01 18:54:02.048 3914 DEBUG nova.servicegroup.api [-] ServiceGroup driver defined as an instance of db __new__ /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/servicegroup/api.py:65
2015-01-01 18:54:02.267 3914 INFO nova.openstack.common.periodic_task [-] Skipping periodic task _periodic_update_dns because its interval is negative
2015-01-01 18:54:02.416 3914 DEBUG stevedore.extension [-] found extension EntryPoint.parse(‘file = nova.image.download.file’) _load_plugins /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py:156
2015-01-01 18:54:02.422 3914 ERROR stevedore.extension [-] Could not load ‘file’: cannot import name util
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 ERROR stevedore.extension [-] cannot import name util
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension Traceback (most recent call last):
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py”, line 162, in _load_plugins
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension verify_requirements,
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py”, line 178, in _load_one_plugin
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension plugin = ep.load(require=verify_requirements)
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pkg_resources.py”, line 1948, in load
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension entry = __import__(self.module_name, globals(),globals(), [‘__name__’])
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/image/download/file.py”, line 23, in
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension import nova.virt.libvirt.utils as lv_utils
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/__init__.py”, line 15, in
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension from nova.virt.libvirt import driver
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/libvirt/driver.py”, line 59, in
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension from eventlet import util as eventlet_util
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension ImportError: cannot import name util
2015-01-01 18:54:02.423 3914 TRACE stevedore.extension
2015-01-01 18:54:02.428 3914 INFO nova.virt.driver [-] Loading compute driver ‘libvirt.LibvirtDriver’
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 ERROR nova.virt.driver [-] Unable to load the virtualization driver
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver Traceback (most recent call last):
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/virt/driver.py”, line 1299, in load_compute_driver
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver virtapi)
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/openstack/common/importutils.py”, line 52, in import_object_ns
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver return import_class(import_str)(*args, **kwargs)
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/openstack/common/importutils.py”, line 33, in import_class
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())))
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver ImportError: Class LibvirtDriver cannot be found ([‘Traceback (most recent call last):\n’, ‘ File “/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/nova/openstack/common/importutils.py”, line 29, in import_class\n return getattr(sys.modules[mod_str], class_str)\n’, “AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘LibvirtDriver’\n”])
2015-01-01 18:54:02.445 3914 TRACE nova.virt.driver
[root@linux-node2 ~]#